It would be impossible for me to cite every document I consulted while creating Trouble in Mind. The sources listed below serve as a starting point for your own exploration of Evelyn Copeland’s world.

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Chapter 01

Did people swear in the 1930s? Yes. And yes. Newspapers, novels, and especially the movies were censored. Music was often the place to go to find profanity and slang. Also, read any biography about Carol Lombard¹.

The Parádeisos is loosely based on the Hyperion Golf Course. A private club that admitted Jewish members nearly half a century before the other Des Moines country clubs. Founded in 1900, Hyperion began as a motoring club where members would drive their cars, rent a room on the second floor of the club house, then return to Des Moines the following morning. The club expanded in the 1920s, adding a tennis court, swimming pool, and sports activities in the basement. The club ran into financial problems in the 1930s.²

1930s fashion was shaped by practicality, modesty, and a quiet elegance—women dressed to endure the cold, honor social norms, and express personal style within economic constraints.³

No-fault divorce didn’t exist in 1930s Iowa. Adultery was one of the few acceptable grounds—but it had to be proven, often with the help of a private investigator. My muse for the opening scene: a Life magazine photograph of a detective peering through a transom with a periscope while his assistant kept watch.⁴

The recession in late spring of 1937, nicknamed “Roosevelt’s Depression” would put a wrench in all the gains previously made.⁵

I modeled Mavis’ character after Elizabeth Clarkson Zwart, a well-known reporter for the Des Moines Tribune and The Des Moines Register for over half a century. Her “Front Row” society column ran in the Des Moines Tribune from the 1920s – 1940s.⁶

Levin Brothers Department Store is loosely based on Younker’s Department store in downtown Des Moines. By the 1940s it had sister stores in all of Iowa’s major cities. The owners had a very liberal view of their staff and customers. They hired women shop keepers in the 1890s. From the 1930s on, their credit department ensured women’s access to credit without a male co-signor well before the credit act in 1970s.⁷

The early twentieth century saw the rise of physical culture, especially among women. The prevailing belief was that caring for one’s body made a woman a better wife and mother. Jujitsu classes emerged as part of this movement and later became tools of resistance—used by suffragettes to defend themselves against police brutality during their fight for the vote.⁸

The Waldorf Salad debuted in 1896 at New York’s Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, created by maître d’hôtel Oscar Tschirky. Originally made with chopped apples, celery, and mayonnaise atop a bed of lettuce, the recipe evolved over time. By the 1920s, walnuts had become a popular addition, giving the salad its now-classic crunch and richness.⁹

There are lots of books, memoirs, and articles discussing white passing. While I read extensively, I had favorites.¹⁰

Restrictive covenants began at the development level, with racist language embedded in land deeds as properties were parceled and sold—limiting who could live in certain areas. In the 1930s, the federal government enshrined this prejudice through agencies like the HOLC and FHA, which institutionalized redlining and discriminatory lending. In the 1940s, Archie Alexander went to court to invalidate a restrictive covenant in Chautauqua Park, Des Moines—decades before the Fair Housing Act of 1968.¹¹

Chapter 02

Franklin was considered the “banker’s car”—conservatively styled but technologically advanced under the hood. Known for its air-cooled engines and lightweight aluminum construction, Franklin appealed to professionals who valued reliability. The Great Depression hit the company hard, and one of its last-ditch efforts was the Olympic, a REO Flying Cloud chassis fitted with a Franklin air-cooled engine. Only about 300 Olympics were produced before Franklin shuttered its doors in 1934.¹²

The Des Moines River divides the city into thirds. North was upper middle-class neighborhoods. East had industry, fairgrounds, and the Capitol. The west had commerce and wealth.¹³

North Des Moines was its own city prior to Des Moines’ annexation spree in the late 1890s. The area’s growth was fueled by the streetcars. By the mid-20th century, it was a strong middle-class neighborhood. ¹⁴

I based Paul and Laura Copeland loosely on the Potters. Potter Palmer made his fortunes in Northshore Chicago real estate. Many Chicago real estate developers were lured to Des Moines in the 1880s due to the housing boom. Michael Copeland was loosely based on Frederick Hubbell. A real estate developer and entrepreneur in Des Moines, Iowa. He owned much of the east side and downtown. Development of any kind had to go north or west.¹⁵

I based the Marrón Apartments loosely on the Maine Apartments. A three-story red brick apartment complex situated on 6th Avenue.¹⁶

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Despite public criticism, one of Des Moines’ first redlight districts was demolished with city funds in 1932. With the White Chapel District gone, vice moved to the ‘Black and Tan’ district four blocks southeast of the Capitol.¹⁷

Chapter 03

The Des Moines Register and Des Tribune occupied the basement and first four floors of the R&T Building. The remaining ten floors housed business.¹⁸

I wanted to show people simply living their lives in 1930s Des Moines, Iowa. People interacting with those outside their faith was a big part of that. Ari Goldberg represents the second wave of Jewish immigration to Iowa, which began in the 1880s. This wave came mostly from Eastern Europe, spoke Yiddish, and was more resistant to Americanization than the earlier wave of middle-class German Jews, who assimilated more quickly into the dominant culture in the mid-nineteenth century.¹⁹

Boxing was one of the top sports in the United States during the 1930s. There was even local talent who were paid to fight.²⁰

The Cord 810 and 812 were among the most famous cars of the 1930s, instantly recognizable for their coffin-nose design, hidden headlights, and pioneering front-wheel drive. Marketed as a “baby Duesenberg,” the Cord dazzled with style but struggled with mechanical reliability. Though Cord hoped to resolve issues after launch, only about 3,000 units were produced before the company shuttered in 1937.²¹

Chapter 04

I based La Amarilla Apartment complex loosely on The Cortez Apartments located in the Owl’s Head Historic District on Des Moines’ west side. Many of the homes in this area were built for the wealthy, with architecture reflecting early 20th-century affluence. Originally part of Greenwood Park, the district was annexed by Des Moines during its expansion in the 1890s. Redlining maps later marked the area in solid green—signaling high desirability and, implicitly, racial exclusion. Non-white residents were typically barred, except as domestic workers, under restrictive housing practices common at the time.²²

The Iowa legislature passed the Liquor Control Act in 1934. This made public consumption of hard alcohol illegal. If you wanted it for home consumption you could purchase it at the state-run liquor store.²³

Cars had a clear hierarchy in the 1930s. Nash, built in the Midwest, offered solid, mid-priced vehicles for middle-class drivers. But if you wanted to announce you’d made it, you bought a car starting with “P”: Packard, Peerless, or Pierce-Arrow—the holy trinity of American luxury motoring.²⁴

King Ying Low was Des Moines oldest Chinese restaurant. Established in 1902, its location varied throughout the years. In 1937 it was located on the second floor of 618 Mulberry Street and did offer delivery services.²⁵

Summer camps were popular during the early twentieth century during the ‘physical culture’ movement. Getting people active, especially allowing city children to view the outdoors was a way to keep children occupied for the summers.²⁶

Early twentieth century saw a photography boom. Photos could be developed yourself or sent away for processing.²⁷

Pocket watches were still en vogue even though wrist watches were slowly replacing them. I made Evelyn have a trench watch because she would need an accessory that could take a beating in her line of work. I envisioned her purchasing one at a pawn shop while on a case. I had an edited scene where Ira calls her watch ugly and Evelyn counters its more functional and more durable than most men.²⁸

Chapter 05

Gary Cooper was the Great Depression’s symbol of the handsome everyman. He chose roles that portrayed him as rugged, moral, and stoic.²⁹

Photoplay began in 1911 and provided editorials, commentary, and photographs in the Golden Age of Hollywood. ³⁰

Glenna Collett Vare, born in 1903, perfected her game on the golf courses of New England. By the 1920s, she was formidable off the tee and was known as the “female Bobby Jones.” She later wrote several instructional pieces geared toward women and golf.³¹

Leica was a high-end camera manufacturer in Germany.³²

LaSalle was a semi-luxury automobile produced by Cadillac, a division of General Motors. By the late 1930s, it offered Cadillac styling and V-8 performance at a more affordable price, making it a smart financial choice for status-conscious buyers. Yet LaSalle struggled in the tight market created by the Great Depression, and General Motors ceased production after the 1941 model year.³³

The Packard Twelve Series was one of the last truly elite American automobiles. Priced at several thousand dollars during the Great Depression, it cost up to four times the average person’s mortgage. Most Americans could only admire it from afar, as it remained the domain of the ultra-wealthy.³⁴

I wanted Ira and his family to represent Jewish immigration to Iowa in the 1860s. Many of these immigrants were a part of the Reformed movement, came from Germany, and expressed their faith through social justice and community leadership, not through ritual observance.³⁵

Chapter 06

Loretta Young was a celebrated film and television actress, known for her expressive eyes and refined beauty. Though she occasionally appeared with lighter hair early in her career, she embraced her natural brunette look by the 1930s, aligning with her transition into more dramatic and mature roles.³⁶

Not all movie theaters used Hollywood to entertain a crowd. Some theaters like The President in downtown Des Moines showed burlesque.³⁷

Jews, like Black Americans, were subject to redlining and housing discrimination in the 1930s. In Des Moines, a small but vibrant Jewish community lived in North Des Moines during the first half of the 20th century. Synagogues, kosher businesses, and the Jewish Community Center served Jewish residents and often welcomed Gentiles for cultural and community events.³⁸

The famous heavyweight boxer, Max Baer, leaned into his Jewish heritage in the boxing ring. He was the World Heavyweight Champion from 1934-1935. Sixto Escobar was a bantam weight. Their weight classes were vastly different.³⁹

Chapter 07

The Paramount Theater resided at 511 Grand Avenue in downtown Des Moines. It’s vertical neon sign lit up the night.⁴⁰

Tarzan Escapes was the first Tarzan movie produced postproduction code. Jane’s character played by Maureen O’Sullivan was stripped of her sexuality and given more clothes to wear. Tarzan’s loin cloth didn’t suffer the same treatment. The movie was shown at The Paramount in December 1936. It was gone from Des Moines by January 1937. But continued to play at rural Iowa theaters in January and February 1937. But I altered it for the story.⁴¹

The Ford Tudor was not one of the more flasher Model styles. However, it still was a step up from the Model T. Made between 1927-1931.⁴²

Center Street was the center of Black life in Des Moines. It had everything from businesses to nightclubs.⁴³

Pinkie George was a real promoter who booked fighters all over the Midwest.⁴⁴

Jewish Community Center was in North Des Moines. It provided welfare and community services for Jews and Gentiles alike.⁴⁵

The 1934 Liquor Control Act made beer consumption legal on or off the premises. Taverns, bars, and juke joints popped all over Des Moines to service thirsty customers.⁴⁶

Tinkerbell was Peter Pan’s fairy companion in J. M. Barrie’s play and novelization. Ira would have been twenty when the novel was published (he’d have had his thumb on the pulse of children’s literature, being the trustee of a summer camp). I had a lot of cut scenes explaining how Ira’s childhood fairy obsession had manifested in adulthood. Eventually, I decided the best explanation he gives for it belonged in their negotiation at the Moonlight Tavern. I didn’t add the foreshadowing of Tinkerbell’s actions and how they related to Evelyn’s sacrifice until I was farther along in the story.⁴⁷

Chapter 09

Shirley Temple’s string of hits saved Warner Brothers from bankruptcy.⁴⁸

The Des Moines Register was the statewide paper and was printed in the morning. The Des Moines Tribune was the ‘local’ paper and was printed in the evening. Both papers were owned by the same company but maintained separate staff.⁴⁹

In the mid to late 1930s depending how who was in charge at city hall, nightclubs were raided for selling illegal hard liquor to patrons. Elizabeth Clarkson Zwart in her “Front Row” column in the Des Moines Tribune, often cited the happenings of the city’s nightlife.⁵⁰

One of Des Moines’ oldest pharmacies was located on the east side of the Des Moines River.⁵¹

Modern Screen was another Hollywood Magazine in the 1930s.⁵²

The sex contract between Evelyn and Ira was inspired by William Moulton Marston’s relationship with his wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, and their partner, Olive Byrne. Marston was the principal creator of the original Wonder Woman comics in the 1940s, in which the feminist icon frequently appeared in scenes involving bondage—both binding others and being bound herself.⁵³

Chapter 10

Streamline Moderne was a defining architectural trend of the 1930s, blending sleek curves and modern materials. Ira’s new house is loosely based on one of Des Moines’ most iconic homes, designed in 1937 by renowned architect Earl Butler. Sparing no expense, Butler included a ramp in place of stairs, a refrigerator, air-conditioning, and an early version of a garage opener—complete with an “electric eye” sensor.⁵⁴

I tried to find Kosher food for Evelyn and Ira’s picnic. In researching Reformed Judaism one thing that stuck out to me was the ideal of being a Gentile in the street but a Jew at home.⁵⁵

Chapter 11

Ira’s sex box was loosely based on a similar piece in the Science Museum in the U.K.⁵⁶

Human beings have sought to prevent pregnancy since ancient times. By the 1930s, prophylactics became more mainstream in the United States, aided by improved manufacturing and shifting public attitudes. Federal regulation began to evolve, particularly after a 1936 court ruling allowed physicians to legally distribute contraceptives.⁵⁷

Chapter 12

The Iowa legislature in the 19th and early 20th centuries was obsessed with prohibition. The dry movement got their wish in 1880 when their prohibition law put Union Brewery and others out of business. Despite the Iowa Supreme Court ruling the law unconstitutional a year later, the brewing industry never recovered.⁵⁸

Pontiac was introduced in 1908. The straight-eight premiered in 1933 and was popular as a fast car for a low price. It was also streamlined and stylish and guaranteed steady sales for General Motors hit hard by The Great Depression.⁵⁹

An investigator could learn a lot from tire tracks. Current and primary resources listed similar ways for evidence gathering.⁶⁰

Chapter 13

Pierce-Arrows were among the leading luxury cars of the 1930s—large, expensive, and favored by the elite. Known for their refined styling and engineering, they resisted producing cheaper models even as the Depression eroded the luxury market. Though a series of ownership changes offered temporary stability, the company ultimately struggled to remain solvent and ceased production in 1938.⁶¹

Jimmy Durante was a stage performer who migrated to Hollywood. He was known for comedy. His claim to fame was his big nose and catch phrase. He did a bunch of short sketches for Paramount in the 1930s.⁶²

Clark Gable was the “it” fellow of Hollywood in the 1930s. He loved fast cars. Packards were one of his favorites. He owned a 1932 Packard Twin Six, 905 Roadster. Gable stared with Jeanette MacDonald in San Francisco. It played at the Des Moines and Roosevelt theaters in July 1936.⁶³

Carol Lombard is one of my favorite actresses. She was labeled the “Profane Angel” because she used profanity as a weapon putting Hollywood men in their place. She starred with George Raft in the movie Bolero (1934).⁶⁴

I modeled Anderson Auto Repair’s garage after a historic gas station on Des Moines’ east side. It was moved from its prior location in 2014 to save it from demolition.⁶⁵

Chapter 14

Malin’s was a Kosher Deli on Des Moines’ north side. It was run by different owners from the 1920s to the 1980s.⁶⁶

Auburn produced the most affordable V-12 car in America, offering high-end performance at rock-bottom prices. But even this bold strategy couldn’t save the company from financial ruin. The Cord Corporation, which owned Auburn, declared bankruptcy in 1937.⁶⁷

Chapter 15

Crime scene investigation in the 1930s wasn’t standardized. I used a combination of new and old sources.⁶⁸

Chapter 16

In 1915, the executor of Martin Flynn’s estate sold a swathe of the farm to the State of Iowa, which established the Clive Honor Farm—a minimum-security facility where prisoners produced goods for other state institutions. While historical records show continuous operation until 1967, I’ve taken liberties with history and kept the farm open during the 1930s for the purposes of this story.⁶⁹

Des Moines University began as Highland Park College in 1890. It went through various ownership changes until a Baptist institution purchased the school in 1918. Alpha Gamma Kapa was established as a Des University fraternity in 1918. Their chapter house address was 3710 Third Street only a few blocks from the women’s dormitory, Child’s Hall, which sat along Second Avenue. Alpha Gamma Kapa dominated when competing against the other fraternities in intramural sports.⁷⁰

Bessie Jackson was one of Lucille Bogan’s pseudonyms. She was a blue singer known for double entendres. ‘Shave ‘em Drive’ was released in 1933 (explicit) and 1935 (semi-explicit). It’s a hilarious song about sexual fulfillment. Some sources claim Bogan was drunk when recording the explicit version. Listening to her laugh while delivering the lyrics makes me think she was having one hell of a good time drunk or sober.⁷¹

Chapter 17

Built in 1906 on the former courthouse grounds. This building housed the criminal and civil courts of Polk County. To understand what Ira’s job as a judge on Iowa’s 9th District, I combed through Des Moines Tribune and The Des Moines Register articles from the 1920s & 1930s and ended up using judges Frank S. Shankland and Russell Jordan as examples.⁷²

Pinehurst Country Club is loosely based on The Wakonda Club. Built in 1920s on the southern outskirts of Des Moines, it was for “high class residence” meaning no minorities or Jewish members until the 1960s.⁷³

Governor Tiberius Powell is fictional. I wanted a big-bad foil for Evelyn and Ira. I used Iowa Governor William Harding (1917-1921), and John Jenney (head of Des Moines Public Safety in the 1920s) as actual and perceived examples of corruption.⁷⁴

Chapter 18

While World War I raged in Europe, the citizens of Des Moines were still able to approve a separate bond issue for the building of a new Municipal Court Building at a cost of $350,000. Chief of Police Joe Donoghue in 1920, considered the Beau Arts Building, “the finest police station in the middle west.” A few years later with the growing number of automobiles in the city and crime, the police department answered by establishing the auto theft bureau. As for prosecuting criminals, the police and prosecutors’ dynamics are often fraught with complications.⁷⁵

Chapter 22

Oldsmobile was among the oldest American car manufacturers by the 1930s, having been founded in 1897. It weathered the Great Depression more effectively than many competitors by offering innovative design and engineering at an accessible price point.⁷⁶

Cars of the era were meant to get you from point A to point B. Arriving at your destination safely was a bonus. Today’s automobiles are designed to take the brunt of the force and not the occupants.⁷⁷

Chapter 24

I had the scene from Little House on the Prairie stuck in my head when I was writing this scene–the one where Laura makes ‘cinnamon’ chicken for Nelly because she can’t cook (she doesn’t know her crush Almanzo will also be at this dinner too). As payback to Nelly, she switches out the cinnamon for cayenne pepper. From there I perused my Jewish cookbooks from the era and went on an online search to find equivalents.⁷⁸

The Plainsman starred Gary Cooper as Wild Bill Hickok and Jean Arthur as Calamity Jane with renowned director Cecil B. DeMille at the helm. The original release date was 16 November 1936. Des Moines didn’t get the movie until the week of February 19. I tweeted the date for this scene.⁷⁹

Chapter 25

In 1909, Wilma Berger was walking near Lake Michigan after her nursing shift at Henrotin Hospital in Chicago when she was attacked by a middle-aged man. Feigning compliance, she used jiu jitsu to throw him off and escape. Skeptical police officers required her to demonstrate the technique at the station, where she reportedly threw a detective to the ground. Her ordeal was widely reported in newspapers. It was later revealed that Berger had trained under Tsunejiro Tomita, a renowned Japanese martial artist who operated a dojo in New York City.⁸⁰

Chapter 26

I modeled Highland Park Auto Shop after Highland Garage which served the residents of Highland Park in the 1930s.

• Highland Park Business District, 1930s (Des Moines, Iowa), Highland Park Business District, 2003. DVD. 25 min.
• James E. Jacobsen, “If They’d Just Blow Up the Bridges, We Would be All Right”: A History of Highland Park, Oak Park and the ‘Parks District’ of Des Moines, Iowa, 1888-1997 (Des Moines, Iowa: The Parks Business Association, 1997);
• James E. Jacobsen, “The Highland Park Historic Business District at Euclid and Sixth Avenues,” National Register of Historical Places Registration Form, United States Department of Interior National Park Service, 09 June 1998, accessed: 04 August 2025, https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/98000867_text

Packard Auto Company offered cheaper models in the hopes of staying in the black. For some, this tarnished Packard’s elite image. This decision helped keep Packard in business until the 1950s.

• “Your Money May Never Go This Far Again,” Des Moines Tribune (Des Moines, Iowa), 17 May 1937, 9.
• Heitmann, John, “1937 Packard 120 — The Perfect Car for a Woman’s Personal Use,” The Automobile and American Life 21 April 2018, accessed: 6 November 2023, https://automobileandamericanlife.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-1937-packard-120-perfect-car-for.html
• “Peverills and the Automobile 1906-1952,” Amherst College Digital Collection, accessed 7 November 2023, https://www.amherst.edu/media/view/192719/original/Peverill%2BOne.pdf.

Chapter 27

The move Evelyn applies to Daniel Billings is known today in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu as a rear naked choke. In her era, these techniques often went by different names depending on the instructor.

• Noguchi Senryuken, Jujutsu (1913), trans. Eric Shahan (Eric Michael Shahan, 2020), 124, 131.
• H. Irving Hancock, Jiu-Jitsu Combat Tricks (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904),81, Internet Archive, 26 November 2019, https://ia601600.us.archive.org/2/items/cu31924023281524/cu31924023281524.pdf
• Knight Jiu-Jitsu, “Five Chokes Everyone Needs to Know (Well, Five-ish anyway), Jiu-Jitsu Fundamentals,” YouTube video, November 26, 2019, accessed February 17, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrWZLEJLOmo.

Chapter 28

Lutheran Hospital was built in 1914 to serve the large Swedish Lutheran population on the east side of the Des Moines River. In 1937 it was one of several hospitals serving the community.

• Corbin, Doug. “Iowa Lutheran Hospital School of Nursing Graduating Class of 1938.” Lost Des Moines. Facebook. 28 September 2017, accessed 09 February 2025.
• “Lutheran Hospital Opened to Public.” The Register and Leader (Des Moines, Iowa), March 9, 1914, 3;
• Page, William Colgan. For the People’s Health. Des Moines, Iowa: Iowa Health System, 2005

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1. Lucille Bogan, “Shave ‘Em Dry,” Shave ‘Em Dry: The Best of Lucille Bogan, compact disc (New York: Sony, 2004); L.M. Elm, “The Profane Angel,” L. M. Elm, Historical Novelist, March 16, 2024, accessed July 24, 2024; Watchwinder, “My Man Godfrey Outtakes and Bloopers,” Youtube, 2 January 2008, accessed: 01 March 2024,. ↩︎
2. Joseph W. Cowen, A Caddie Remembers: Golf in the 1930s (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2004); Hyperion Club House. Postcard, ca. 1920. Lisa Taber Collection. Renda Lutz, “Club’s History Filled with Parties, Gambling,” The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, IA), August 31, 2004, 4. ↩︎
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   Douglas Irwin, “What Caused the Recession of 1937–1938?” Vox, September 11, 2011, accessed February 9, 2020, ; Jonian Rafti, “Roosevelt’s Recession: A Historical and Econometric Examination of the Roots of the 1937 Recession,” Inquiries 7, no. 06 (2015), accessed 09 February 2020. ↩︎
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15. “Frederick M. Hubbell Is Dead; Was Iowa’s Wealthiest Man,” Des Moines Tribune-Capital (Des Moines, Iowa), 11 November 1930, 1, 9; William B. Friedricks, Investing in Iowa: The Life and Times of F. M. Hubbell (Des Moines, Iowa: Iowan Books, 2007); Sally Sexton Kalmbach, The Jewel of the Gold Coast (Chicago, Illinois: Ampersand, Inc., 2009); ↩︎
16. “New Apartments,” The Register and Leader (Des Moines, Iowa), 8 June 1913, classified section, 3; The Maine Apartments, Postcard (Des Moines, Iowa: Des Moines Commercial Studio, 1918); William C. Page, The Maine, National Park Service, United States Department of Interior: National Park Service, 16 September 1996. ↩︎
17. “All That Remains of White Chapel,” The The The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 17 October 1932, 12; “Passing of Old White Chapel District Recalls Palmy Days of Late Nineties,” The The The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 31 October 1931, 1; Linda Banger. “Des Moines’ Past Red Light Districts.” and Steven Peglow in Tom Alex’s Behind the Badge: Stories and Pictures from the DMPD (Des Moines, Iowa: Des Moines Police Burial Association, 1999, 62-63). ↩︎
18. “When You Visit the Register and Tribune Building Tomorrow,” The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 13 June 1918, 5; “New Register-Tribune Building Scene of Varied Activity Now,” The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 19 May 1918, 11; Kylie Munson, “Our Old Newspaper Building Now Is Luxury Lofts, But We Still Love It Like A Family a Farm.” The Des Moines Register, online edition (Des Moines, Iowa), 15 April 2017, accessed: 08 September 2021. ↩︎
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